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MECHANICAL PROJECTS ABSTARCT/THESIS FILE 2


5)DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER


DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER

Objective:

This report describes in detail about Prototype Solar Tracking Systems. The design detail of Dual Axis Solar Tracker are described which detect the sunlight using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors. The control circuit for the systems are based on Atmega8 Microcontroller which is programmed to detect the sunlight through the LDR sensors and then actuate the DC geared motor using L293D motor driver to position the solar panel where it can receive the maximum sunlight.

Introduction:

The sun position in the sky not only changes from east to west, but the latitude of the sun's path also varies throughout the year, that is why we get different seasons i.e. spring, summer, winter etc. A dual axis tracker is a tracker that accounts for daily and seasonal motions of the sun throughout the year. The Dual Axis solar Tracker starts tracking the sun at morning and ends tracking at evening and automatically comes to its initial position for tracking the sun next day. The Dual Axis solar Tracker has two degrees of freedom for the exact tracking of sun in the sky.The whole movement of the system is driven by two DC geared motors controlled by the control circuit and LDR sensors. The whole system is powered by the 9 volts rechargeable batteries which can be charged by the solar panel itself that makes the whole system independent of any external power supply.

Working:
1.     For tracking the sun we have used light dependent resistor (LDR) the electrical  resistance of LDR changes with light intensity . It is inversely proportional to the light intensity.
2.     We have used four LDR two for both axis.
3.     Two LDR are arranged facing opposite to each other and placed in inclined plane shown in figure below.
4.     Value of the two LDR differ according to the sun position. These values are sensed by the atmega8 microcontroller.

                                                             

Fig: Design of LDR sensor

5.     LDR sensor consist of one LDR in series with a resistor to form a voltage divider circuit which send a analog voltage according to the light falling on the LDR.
6.     The microcontroller send the proper command to the motor driver to turn the motor in such a manner that the difference between two LDR value become zero or in certain limit.
7.     In the same manner the second set of LDR control the rotation of second axis.
8.     In this way the dual axis solar tracker tracks the sun during the day.
9.     At the evening when sun sets the tracker reset to its initial position automatically i.e. at east position.
                                                            

Fig: complete design of  dual axis solar tracker

Application :
1.    The system is used in large solar power plants.
2.    It is also used in concentrated solar collectors.
3.    Also used in space crafts to get continues solar power at maximum efficiency.
Advantages :
1.     Increases the efficiency of solar panel.
2.     Low cost.
3.     Simple and robust in construction.
4.    Good mechanical strength  to the wind forces.





6)Three wheel try cycle propulsion vehicle



ABSTRACT
 A Tricycle which use forward and rearward movement of handlebars to provide a force for driving or propelling the rear wheel of a tricycle. A lever (connecting rod) extended from handlebars to the rear wheel to transmit the fore and aft movement of the handlebars to drive the rear wheel of the tricycle. Due to this linkage the fore and aft motion converted into rotary motion. The transfer of motion doesn’t affect the conventional steering.
In normal handicapped cycle the chain mechanism is used for accelerating purpose. But we doesn’t use that mechanism, we accelerate the Tricycle by use of steering rod with help of lever (connecting road) and pedal. Pedal is mounted on the rear axle. 
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT     
A basic objective of this invention is to provide a more stable and efficient arm propelled and arm steerable tricycle that can be safely be used by any person.
Our aim is to make tricycle in which the steering as well as the accelerating function is done with the help of only one handlebar (steering rod). So that the person can accelerate the trike as well as he can give the proper direction with the help of only one hand.
Our aim is to make a tricycle that can be drive in a forward as well as reverse direction.
In normal handicapped cycle the chain mechanism is used for accelerating purpose. But we doesn’t use that mechanism, we accelerate the Tricycle by use of steering rod with help of lever (connecting road) and pedal. Pedal is mounted on the rear axle. Chain is not used so no problems related to chain.

OVERVIEW OF PROJECT     
COMPLETE PRESENTATION

The tricycle which use forward and rearward movement of handlebars to provide a force for driving or propelling the rear wheel of a tricycle. A lever (connecting rod) extended from handlebars to the rear wheel to transmit the fore and aft movement of the handlebars to drive the rear wheel of the tricycle. Due to this linkage the fore and aft motion converted into rotary motion. The transfer of motion doesn’t affect the conventional steering.

In normal handicapped cycle the chain mechanism is used for accelerating purpose. But we doesn’t use that mechanism, we accelerate the Tricycle by use of steering rod with help of lever (connecting road) and pedal. Pedal is mounted on the rear axle. 





7)MAXIMUM STABILITY VEHICLE


ASBSTRACT

When transporting the heavy loads like bridge parts ,large parts of a thermal power station or any other plants , rockets part, space shuttle where the load more than 1000 tons it becomes necessary to provide a stable platform on which the heavy load is placed & stable surface should be horizontal  independent to the road surface.
This stabilization is done with the help of hydraulic jacks which automatically set there position to maintain a stable & horizontal platform.
Our project deals with the design & fabrication of maximum stability vehicle. The vehicle consists of 8 wheels to provide maximum stability through wheels. further stabilization is done by upper platform. It is connected to two dc motors one for each axis & one two axis accelerometer sensor. The sensor senses the tilt of platform with respect to horizontal plane in x & y direction ,now it gives this data to atmega 32 processor which process this data & generate appropriate command to drive two dc motor in such a manner that the platform remain horizontal with respect to the horizontal plane independent to the vehicle tilt on the road .
Vehicle is controlled wirelessly through rf remote control.
So this vehicle  provide maximum stable platform through wheels ,flexible platform and accelerometer sensor.



8)FABRICATION OF MOTORIZED SCREW JACK


SYNOPSIS
This project work titled “FABRICATION OF MOTORIZED SCREW JACK” has been conceived having studied the difficulty in lifting the any type of light vehicles. Our survey in the regard in several automobile garages, revealed the facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in lifting the vehicles for reconditioning.

            Now the project has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence a suitable device has been designed.  Such that the vehicle can be lifted from the floor land without application of any impact force. The fabrication part of it has been considered with almost case for its simplicity and economy, such that this can be accommodated as one of the essential tools on automobile garages.

INTRODUCTION
This device the motorized screw jack for automobile garages has been developed to later the needs of small and medium automobile garages, who are normally man powered with very minimum of skilled labours. In most of the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack.  This needs high man power and skilled labours.

            In order to avoid all such disadvantages.  This, motorized screw jack has been designed in such a way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force.  The operation is made be simple that even an unskilled labour can handled, by just demonstrating the working of the motorized screw jack once. The d.c motor is coupled with the screw jack by spur gear mechanism. This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of mechanization is increased.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The lead-acid battery is used to drive the d.c motor. The d.c motor shaft is connected to the spur gear. If the power is given to the D.c motor, it will run so that the spur gear also runs to the slow speed of the D.C motor. The screw jack and moves the piston upward, so that the vehicle lifts from ground.



            The vehicle is lifted by using the lifting flat form in the top of the screw jack. The motor is drawn supply from the battery. The lifting and uplifting is done by changing the battery supply to the motor simply.

ADVANTAGES
1.      The loaded light vehicles can be easily.
2.      Checking and cleaning are easy, because of the main parts are screwed.
3.      Handling is easy
4.      No Manual power
5.      Easy to Repair.
6.      Replacement of parts are easy

DISADVANTAGES
v Cost of the equipment is high when compared to ordinary hand jack.
v Care must be taken for the handling the equipment such as proper wiring connection, battery charging checkup, etc.

APPLICATIONS
1.       It is very much useful in auto-garage.  This motorized screw jack is used for lifting the vehicles.
2.       Thus it can be useful for the following types of vehicles in future;
*   Maruti, Ambassador, Fiat, Mahindra


                                                                                                                                                                                        

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